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00-00 Inflammatory Response to Injectable Biomaterials for Stabilisation of Vertebral Compression Fractures Sandra Ramstedt1, Anders Palmquist2*, Anna Johansson2, Karin Breding3, Håkan Engqvist1, Peter Thomsen2,4 1Department of
Materials Science, Ångstrom Laboratory at Uppsala University, Uppsala,
Sweden Received 22 June 2009, Accepted 5 September 2009, Published online 25 January 2010. Biomaterials used for stabilisation of compressed vertebraes due to osteoporosis are currently mainly based on conventional bone cement, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). New material alternatives based on fully ceramic materials, e.g. calcium aluminates cements (CAC), are under development. In this in vivo study the early inflammatory response elicited by both cured and uncured CAC and PMMA cement was investigated in a rat model. Titanium (Ti) and sham sites were used as controls. Cell viability, cell proliferation, inflammatory cell recruitment and pro inflammatory cytokine secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-á) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was evaluated. The experimental observation period was 1 day and the results showed that both of the cured cements were more biocompatible and revealed a smaller inflammatory response than Ti, contrary to the uncured cements which provoked a larger inflammatory response and higher cell death than Ti. The inflammatory responses revealed by cured CAC and PMMA had no significant difference. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 20090622-45. p 00-00
Metallic Biomaterials of Knee and Hip - A Review Marjan Bahrami Nasab*, Mohd Roshdi Hassan, Barkawi Bin Sahari Department of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering, Received 1 July 2009, Accepted 5 September 2009, Published online 25 January 2010. Research on biomaterial has recently become an essential field of study because these materials can affect the quality and longevity of human life. This subject is vital in orthopedic especially in hip and knee due to the increasing trend to replace diseased and destroyed organs by artificial ones. This paper seeks to address five research questions including requirements (mechanical and non-mechanical) that must be fulfilled by a biomaterial, consequences of not fulfilling these requirements, satisfied requirements by the presently used metallic biomaterials and their deficiencies and finally introducing promising materials for orthopedic application. NiTi and porous NiTi shape memory alloy are introduced to find out that these materials can satisfy fundamental requirements and whether their superior characteristics make them highly capable to apply as an implant biomaterial. At the end, the paper suggests that NiTi shape memory alloy specially the porous form, can be used for joint replacement. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 20090701-46.
p 00-00 Design and Development of an Implant System for Auricular Prosthesis M. Lovely1*, E. Munirathnam Naidu2, K. Chandrasekharan Nair3, R. Subramoniam4, Manoj Komath4 and H.K. Varma4 1Department of
Prosthodontics, Sree Mookambika Dental College, Received 7 January 2010, Accepted 23 January 2010, Published online 27 January 2010. Defects of external ear could be corrected using prosthetic reconstructions retained by implants. Bar and clip design is currently followed for retaining the ear prosthesis. Bars are fixed onto osseo-integrated craniofacial implants through a two stage surgery. Clips embedded in an acrylic housing are used to retain the prosthesis on the bars. The major problems in this method are, the bulk of prosthesis that compromises the final cosmetic outcome and loosening of the clips. A new design for retention mechanism is presented here which consists of a ball-and-socket snap-fit assembly. The implant is designed as a tapered threaded screw with a ball head abutment that needs only a single stage surgery. A matching cylindrical metallic socket with silicone snap ring is used for retaining the prosthesis. Two implants can provide adequate retention and stability to the prosthesis. Any loosening could be managed with the replacement of the snap rings. The socket dimensions are minimal, which are comparable to the natural projection of the ear, thus contributing to good cosmetic appeal of the prosthesis. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 2010 p 00-00
Preparation and Characterization of Swellable Polymer-Based Superporous Hydrogel Composite of Poly (Acrylamide-co-Acrylic Acid) Hitesh V. Chavda*, Chhaganbhai N. Patel Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy
College, Nr. Arvind Baug, Received 25 August 2009, Accepted 21 December 2009, Published online 27 January 2010. The synthesis of superporous hydrogel composites (SPHCs) with carboxylmethylcellulose sodium (NaCMC) as a composite material was carried out by solution polymerization. The characterization studies were performed by measurement of apparent density, swelling studies, mechanical strength studies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In double distilled water SPHCs showed tremendous increase in equilibrium swelling capacity. But, when SPHCs were placed in simulated gastric fluid showed less equilibrium swelling capacity. SPHCs showed improved penetration pressure as the NaCMC concentration increased. SEM images clearly indicate the formation of interconnected pore, capillary channels, and the adherence of NaCMC molecules around the periphery of pores. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 2010.
p 00-00 The Effect of Thickness of Titanium Nitride Coatings on Bacterial Adhesion Y.L. Jeyachandran*, Sa.K. Narayandass Department of Physics,
Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Received 17 September 2009, Accepted 21 December 2009, Published online 31 January 2010. We report an interesting observation of minimization of bacterial attachment on titanium nitride coatings of increased thickness. DC magnetron sputtering method was used to prepare titanium nitride coatings of different thickness and the attachment of an oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis was studied. With increase in thickness of the coatings the particle size increased and the order of bacterial attachment decreased while no variation was observed in the chemical composition. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 2010 p 00-00
Biomaterials for Hemorrhage Control Tao Peng Defence
Research and Development Canada – Toronto, Received 23 September 2009, Accepted 21 December 2009, Published online 31 January 2010. Hemorrhage control is vital for clinical outcome after surgical treatment and prehospital trauma injuries. Numerous biomaterials have been investigated to control surgical and traumatic bleeding. A comprehensive review has been conducted in the area focused on the topical biomaterials for severe bleeding in prehospital settings. Solid biopolymers and ceramics are most promising materials for lethal external hemorrhage through a variety of mechanisms, while there are currently no definitive topical hemostatic materials for noncompressible internal bleeding on the battlefield. Despite tremendous studies of liquid tissue sealants, their uses for uncontrolled hemorrhage are still limited. Further development of new hemostatic materials for internal bleeding is required. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 2010. |
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