Trends
in Full text can be accessed by clicking on the pdf link. The journal has now initiated online manuscript submission and peer-review management system in technical collaboration with www.criticalmath.com . Authors can now submit their manuscripts at http://tbao.criticalmath.com . Editorial Special issue dedicated to Prof. Willem J Kolff p
1-5 FULL TEXT Hepatocyte Deaths Occur by Apoptosis After
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Liver Transplantation Model Pronobesh Chattopadhyay1,2, Arun Kumar Wahi1 1Cellular Biology Laboratory, College of
Pharmacy, Received 9 December 2008; Accepted 15 June 2009; published online 27 June 2009 Despite improvements in organ preservation solutions, ischemia – reperfusion (I/R) damage during the preservation and implantation of the liver is still major problem in liver transplantation [1]. The aim of this study was to investigate role of necrosis and apoptosis during hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. Twelve wistar rats were divided into sham-operated control group (1) ( n = 6), ischemia -reperfusion group (II) (n = 6). Hepatocytes viability were measured by 4, 6-diamidino-2- phenylindole (DAPI) methods. Apoptosis measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUDP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods and chromatin condensation measured by Hoechst 33258 staining. After 1 h ischemia followed by 3 h reperfusion, number of viable hepatocyte significantly decreased (P<0.05) in group II as compared to group I. Further, TUNEL positive apoptotic hepatocyte were increased in group II as compared to group I (P<0.05).After Hoechst 33258 staining showed that increased number of chromatin condensed nuclei in group II as compared to group I.© Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 20081209-30. p
6-9 FULL TEXT Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Additives to
Resilient Liners: An i Padmini Rathore*, Ashwini Hegde**, Kishore Ginjupalli*#, P. Nagaraja Upadhya* *Department of Dental Materials, Received 27 May 2008; Accepted 15 June 2009; published online 27 June 2009 Colonization of microorganisms in resilient liners is one of the main causes of denture stomatitis. Candida albicans is the most widely isolated organism during denture stomatitis. Use of resilient liners with antifungal activity can be of great help for such patients. Aim of the present in vitro study is to evaluate the antifungal activity of copper sulfate, borax and chlorhexidine mixed with resilient liner. Lawn cultures of candida albicans were prepared on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. Wells were punched into these cultures and filled with resilient liner containing 0.5 w/v% of Copper sulfate or a combination of equal amounts of copper sulfate and borax in 0.5 w/v% or 2 w/v% of chlorhexidine. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and Mean Inhibitory Zone (MIZ) was measured at 24 and 72 hours. Resilient liner added with copper sulfate had shown maximum MIZ at 24 and 72 hours. Among the additives used, chlorhexidine had shown least antifungal activity.© Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 20080527-22. p
10-15 FULL
TEXT Finite Element Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of SMP Hip
Joint Implanted in Femur Bone M.S. Kulkarni1, S.R. Sathe2, K.C. Sharma3, K.H. Sancheti4 1,2Government College of Engineering, Pune,
Maharashtra, INDIA 411004 Received 21 November 2008; Accepted 15 June 2009; published online 27 June 2009 Uncemented THR can present component fixation problem.The loosening of the prosthesis is one of the main complications leading to revision of THR surgery. Bending in prosthesis stem is a notable feature.The geometric shape of prosthesis has a major role on the stress transfer in supporting structures. The objective of the present study is to analyse the mechanical satibility of steel SMP prosthesis and compare it with its equivalent implant using finite element method.The effect of joint force due to body weight and motion on the interface of prosthesis and bone are evaluated using F.E.M. Finite element model of healthy cadeveric femur bone implanted with SMP hip joint has been developed.SMP is Sancheti Modular Prosthesis which is the hip joint prosthesis developed as indegenised product. 3D finite element model is validated with experimental measurements. The mechanical properties and elastic constants of cortical femur bone are evaluated from cadveric femur donors of Indian origin. Displacement and sinking of shaft is observed experimentally. The stresses and displacements of interface boundary of prosthesis and bone are analysed to observe their effect on stresses and displacements at the interfaces and within the cortical bone. The stress level in bone at inters face of prosthesis and bone are compared for SMP and imported prosthesis. This analysis provided an insight/comparison of the mechanical effect of an implanted SMP which was developed as indeginised product over available imported prosthesis of its kind. Results emphasized the role of newly developed SMP,which will be manufactured in India. It is expected to be available at lesser price than imported prosthesis. Larger number of patients in India is expected to be benefited due to development of this hip joint. Reduced surgery cost will facilitate many patients to go in for THR which is otherwise unaffordable. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 20081121-27p 16-20 FULL
TEXT
Finite
Element Analysis of the Mechanical Performance of Aortic Valve Stent
Designs V.
Gideon, Praveen Kumar*& Lazar Mathew* School of
Biotechnology, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Received 1 November 2008; Accepted 15 June 2009; published online 27 June 2009 Vascular support
structures are important devices for treating valve stenosis. Large
population of patients are treated for valvular disease and the principal
mode of treatment is the use of Percutaneous Valvuloplasty. Stent devices
are proving to be an improved technology in minimal invasive cardiac
surgery. This technology now accounts for 20% of treatments in © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 20081101-26. p 21-33 FULL
TEXT Comparison of Oil-in -Oil, Water-in-Oil-in-Water and Melt Encapsulation Techniques for the Preparation of Controlled Release B12 Poly (e- caprolactone) Microparticles D. Vijaya Ramesh Bioproducts
Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar,
Received 10 September 2008; Accepted 15 June 2009;
published online 27 June 2009 Poly (ε-caprolactone) microspheres containing vitamin B12 were
prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation method.
We compared encapsulation of vitamin B12 in poly (e-caprolactone)
by three methods, oil-in-oil (o/o) melt encapsulation (melt) and
water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w). Process variables for oil-in-oil method
were the polymer concentration, solvent ratio and external oil phase
volume. The process variable for melt encapsulation was the drug
concentration, while the variables selected for w/o/w technique were
volume of the external aqueous phase, volume of the internal aqueous phase
and the saturated external aqueous phase. The morphology, particle size
distribution, total entrapment of B12 in to the microparticles and their
release profiles were investigated. Vitamin B12 was successfully
encapsulated in all the microspheres. The morphological characteristics of
microspheres showed the particles with some imperfections like pits as
well as craters on the surface in o/o and melt encapsulation methods.
However the particles were smooth and spherical in w/o/w method. Unlike
the w/o/w method the o/o and melt encapsulation led nearly to a 100%
encapsulation efficiency of B12. The particle size distribution showed
mean diameter mostly between 14µm and 65 µm in all the preparations. The
in vitro release kinetics showed a burst release of 50% in the case of
melt encapsulation method while a 60-90% of burst release noticed in the
case of o/o method in the first one hour.
The release of B12 from microspheres prepared with w/o/w also
showed a burst release of 35 to 40% and about 90% was released in 28 days.
In conclusion the best operating condition for the highly loaded poly (caprolactone)
microspheres was the oil in oil emulsion evaporation process, which
allowed obtaining an encapsulation efficiency of more than 94% in all the
preparations. p 34-45 FULL
TEXT Modulation
of Peritendinous Adhesions using Hyaluronic acid and Autogenous Synovia:
An Experimental Study in a Rabbit Model N.
Kumar, *Naveen Kumar, A. K. Sharma, S. K. Maiti, A. K. Gangwar, O. P.
Gupta, Satish Kumar and Rajendra Singh Division
of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Received 8 December 2008; Accepted 15 June 2009; published online 27 June 2009 Peritendinous adhesions following tendon repair or tendon grafting resulting in restricting of movements and contracture of the finger joints are frequently seen in human being. In draught animals this may also crippled the animal following limiting movements of the joints. We evaluated the efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) and autogenous synovia (AS) in modulation of peritendinous adhesions following tendon injury in a rabbit model in-vivo. The injured tendon tissues were examined at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days after operation using gross, histopathologic, histochemical and scanning electron microscopic methods. Observations revealed that proliferative and inflammatory responses were significantly reduced in HA and AS groups as well as early restoration of normal arrangements of collagen fibres, enhancement of neovascularization and the healing. Our finding suggests that the administration of HA and AS prevent the formation of peritendinous adhesions and improve the gliding function of the tendon. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial
Organs (India), 20081208-29. p
46-54 FULL
TEXT Development of a Process for Microencapsulation of a Model Protein with Poly (e-caprolactone) using a Modified W/O/O Technique D. Vijaya Ramesh Bioproducts Laboratory, Central Leather Research
Institute, Received 24 November 2008; Accepted 15 June 2009; published online 27 June 2009 The purpose of this research was to investigate the production of protein containing poly(e-caprolactone) microparticles using a water-in-oil-in-oil microencapsulation technique with a mixed oil continuous phase. The effects of PCL molecular weight (MW=10-20 000 or 50 000), PCL concentration (PC=5 or 10%w/v), aqueous volume (AV=250 or 500ml) and secondary emulsion homogenisation time (HT=1 or 3 minutes) and Span 80 concentration were investigated. Highest encapsulation efficiencies resulted with 10-20 000 PCL (up to 100%) compared with <50% for 50 000 PCL. ANOVA of encapsulation efficiencies showed significant first order (MW*HT and PC*HT) and second order (MW*PC*AV) interactions (p<0.05). In vitro release studies were conducted on formulations with encapsulation efficiencies >15%. For 10-20 000 PCL, ANOVA of percentages released at 1 hour, 10 and 28 days showed significant first order interactions (PC*AV, p<0.05). Typically, increased aqueous volume increased the percentage BSA released and reduced the encapsulation efficiency. Mean particle size (by volume) was 30-70 mm for 10-20 000 PCL and 40-100 mm for 50 000 PCL and tended to decrease with increased homogenisation time. Microspheres (MW=10-20 000, PC=5%) with further reduced aqueous volume (0.125ml) and increased homogenisation time (5 minutes) had a smaller particle size (mean = 24mm, range 10-40mm). Encapsulation efficiency remained high (60%) and BSA was released over four weeks. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 20081124-28.
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